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This paper investigates the complications experienced by Switzerland and Spain in administering the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML). The Charter is a vital legislative instrument for defending the varied languages across Europe. The paper digs into the problems encountered, including concerns with ratification, sociolinguistic obstacles, resource limits, and linguistic variety. The research highlights the need to maintain language rights while encouraging multilingualism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Montenegro is a country with no ethnic majority. Montenegro is defined as civic state that is not ethnically limited to any ethnic group. In contrast to the rest of former Yugoslavia, Montenegro has avoided war and has not seen inter-ethnic relations damaged by ethno-nationalist mobilization. The composition of the society is multi-ethnic and with forty registered religious group. Montenegrins, Serbians, Bosniaks, Albanians, Muslims, Romani, and Croats are some of the ethnic groups that live in Montenegro. This research aims to detect and analyze social factors that influence the breakdown of inter-ethnic relations. This research methodology is based on secondary data from published studies. The factors that have been detected in this research are, Montenegrin identity, linguistic identity and interfaith relations. 17 years after the country's independence, interethnic relations in Montenegro are still very complicated. Montenegrin society is captured by political parties. The Montenegrin state is conditioned more by the ethnic principle rather than by that of the civic identity of its population. The objective of joining the EU helps these communities to find solutions to their many problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 has caused stress, anxiety and panic to all the citizens around the world. If this was not enough, Kosovars have experienced a double concern regarding their political crisis. The aim of this study is to assess Kosovars opinions and attitudes towards the political situation in the time of corona virus. The results indicate that citizens believe institutions are aware of the importance of Covid-19 but the miss-harmony between them has caused the pandemic crisis to be neglected. The study indicates that citizens agree on restriction of movement as a good decision and they do not agree with the call of the President for disobedience. A considerable percentage of the citizens subject to this study have declared that they fear remaining without food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today our time is called an era of public relations. Public opinion is becoming more important to industrial life as a whole.The importance of force to organize anything. Propaganda is the executive arm of the invisible government. Propaganda does exist on all sides of us, and it does change our mental picture of the world. The use of propaganda is continuously and systematically. The public relations counsel works with that vague, little -- understood, indefinite material called public opinion. The public read the words and the ideas in the press of the country. The world is vast, the situation that concern us are intricate, the messages are few, the biggest part of opinion must be constructed in the imagination. Symbols compete for our attention. The public and all the individuals composing it are one mind, one soul, one purpose. The public mind was made to understand that all human eyes have habits of vision, which are often stereotyped, which always throw facts into a perspective; and that the whole of experience is more sophisticated than the naive mind suspects.. There is always a mono drama in the minds of the people for the world, the world as they imagine, the world how it represented and the real world. The internalization of norms used in cultural discourse, the rules to follow when statements are made, the "history" that is made official as opposed to the history that is not: all these of course are ways to regulate public discussion, in all societies. Never has there been a consensus so difficult to oppose nor so easy and logical to capitulate to unconsciously. Above all, the need to see things, not as they were, but as. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture is an intricate concept, with many different classifications. Simply put, "culture" refers to a group or community with which we share common experiences that shape the way we understand the world. Each of us is shaped by many factors, and culture is one of the powerful forces that influence our lives. Definition of intercultural communication, culture's influence on perception, obstacles in intercultural communication and intercultural communication competences were covered in this part. Communicating with someone from a different cultural background can be exciting and scary, frustrating and enlightening. It can be confusing and overwhelming, but it can also be a learning experience. And there is no one "right" way to experience intercultural interaction. You live in an increasingly diverse society, which means that you will experience many intercultural interactions. New means of communication, as well as new ways of thinking about culture and communication, make it a truly challenging time to live in. Cultural differences are manifest in the cultural identities of the people, as the examples within each category will reveal. Cultural identity influences behavior including choices of symbols, heroes and heroines, rituals, and even the values one chooses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]